Heat lamps are a big buzzword for the new chicken owner and most will purchase several when starting out. Other than using them to keep your baby chicks warm I would keep them locked away.
I tried heat lamps for the first few years we had chickens and let me just say it did more harm than good.
When you have a heated coop, even if only at night, your hens become dependent on that heat and therefore never really get the durability they need to withstand the frigid wind chills that come with really cold winters.
When a local fire in our area was started by one of these heat lamps, destroyed a barn, and most of the animals inside I stopped using mine and never looked back.
The funny thing was that my hens were actually HEALTHIER without the heat!
They grew thicker downy feathers, their combs were a deep rich red, and they laid eggs like nobody’s business. The trifecta of a healthy and happy chicken.
Let’s chat about downy feathers for a bit because they are the key to keeping your chickens warm which. Those feathers help to lock heat in and provide a protective layer from the elements. The chickens will fluff up their feathers to keep warm and for this reason, I do not recommend chicken sweaters that are really popular right now.
Now, with all of that being said, there are still quite a few things you can do to help your hens stay warm even in the coldest of temperatures and yes, even if you do not have electricity in your chicken coop.
How To Keep Chickens Warm In Winter Without Electricity
Inspect your chicken coop.
If you clean out your chicken coop each fall before the winter hits, that is the perfect time to do a chicken coop inspection. Check for any holes in the walls or floors that may let in drafts or worse predators.
READ: BACKYARD PREDATORS – HOW TO KEEP YOUR CHICKENS SAFE
Seal those cracks up and help to keep the frigid air out on those cold winter nights.
Now is the time to ensure you have a good winter coop design that will keep your hens warm and safe during those long cold months.
We house our hens in an old shed that we converted into a chicken coop. This not only keeps the hens off of the cold ground but has a ventilation window at the peak that allows for air flow.
READ: HOW TO CONVERT A SHED INTO A CHICKEN COOP
Yes, there is a difference. Drafts are bad whereas ventilation is good. Drafts are cold and piercing and can do harm to your flock. Ventilation is filtered so it enters the coop slow and steady and keeps the coop filled with fresh clean air. Most air vents are found up high in the coop away from your hens so it is not blowing on them.
The final work on this is: you do not want drafts but you do want ventilation.
Lay down sufficient bedding.
Before winter hits you will want to lay down a really good layer of bedding for your hens. Wood chips, sawdust, and straw are all great to use. I suggest laying down a good foot deep of bedding, especially if you live in a really cold climate and even more if your chicken coop does not have a separate floor to the ground.
Chickens do not have feathers on their legs or feet so standing on the constant frigid ground can be incredibly harmful. By providing them with a good thick layer of ground cover you will keep them warmer and in turn, healthier.
SLCG PRO TIP: Chickens do not have feathers on their feet and frostbite can happen if we are not careful. By providing them a place to stand in the cold you will help to keep their feet healthy and strong. Ample bedding or a few straw bales will work well along with a good and sturdy roost.
Set up a barrier.
I like to put a few bales of straw inside of the coop (do not use hay) that I place in front of the doors. This gives the chickens a sort of cocoon that they can eat and drink within a bit more comfortably. They also like to roost on the bales and this will help them to stay off of the cold ground if your coop does not have a floor.
As the winter progresses those bales tend to get a bit beat up but don’t worry. If you used straw and not hay you can add those partially composted bales right to your garden come spring.
Not sure of the difference? Let’s go over it quickly.
What is a straw bale?
A straw bale is made of up stalks which is the wasted product of wheat and is used as bedding for livestock. It contains no seed heads or seeds so it can be safely used in gardens as mulch or as winter cover.
What is a hay bale?
A hay bale is cut grass or alfalfa and used to feed livestock. It contains every part of the plant including the seeds. If you use this in your garden beds you will be adding a load of seeds to your beds including weed seeds as well. Trust me on this, I have done the legwork. Hay in a garden is a no-no and will only cause you to have to weed more than you ever imagined.
The final word to remember is this: you always want to make sure you are using straw when growing anything and hay when feeding anything.
Feeding chickens in the winter
I find that when the mornings are really cold, my chicken’s water is usually frozen solid. To fix this I bring out a jug of hot water to start the day off. This will usually stay liquid until I gather eggs around 1 pm where I give them a fresh batch. Then finally once again at the evening feed.
SLCG PRO TIP: If you live in a cold climate I would not suggest a chicken waterer like this one. They tend to not withstand the elements and the abuse repeated frozen water can make. Instead, try these rubber feed bowls. They are durable, inexpensive, and can be used for feed, water, or mash.
I know this sounds like a lot of work but really it isn’t. All you need is a cleaned out empty jug and each time you are going out to the coop bring a fresh batch of warm or hot water along with you. If you are going out anyhow, it is really no extra effort on your part and your hens will love you for it!
Another bonus of frequent daily water runs is you can monitor your flock more often and, in turn, catch anyone that is not adapting well to any weather changes. Knowing your birds and how they each act is incredibly beneficial because you will more easily see when they are not acting normal. See a bird acting “off” is your first sign that something is off.
I also like to give warm mash in the morning too. Just pour some hot water into a feed bowl and add their feed. I love these rubber feed bowls and use them all over the homestead. Do not do this with pelleted feed since it does not react well to water.
You don’t even need to mix it up, the hens will do it as they are eating it. Usually, when I do this they are eating before I finish adding the feed to the water, they love it that much.
How to keep chickens warm at night.
I think night time care more than anything causes us to overdo it with our chickens. To keep your hens warm at night you only really need two things.
First a good sturdy coop with little to no drafts. Like I talked about above, you will want to inspect things in the fall so you have time to button up the hatches before winter.
Second a good sturdy roost that allows for plenty of room for your entire flock. When we first started out with chickens I was under the impression that they needed a rod of sorts to roost on. I believed that chickens wrapped their feet around a roost to sleep just like a bird does.
It wasn’t until years later I found out that I was wrong. Hens actually prefer to be flat-footed when they sleep and even more so in the cold season. When they are sitting flat-footed they can sit down completely which will allow them to cover their unprotected legs and feet with those warm downy feathers.
A good rule of thumb is to build a roost that is at least 2 inches wide. After many attempts at different styles of roosts, Hubs and I found one that we absolutely love and is perfect for anyone that has a smaller coop and needs to conserve space.
READ: CHICKEN ROOSTS – EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW AND MORE!
Offer continuous feed.
Just like with goats, chickens warm up when they are digesting their food. For that reason, it is better to have a continuous feeder going at all times. I have a metal feeder and it has lasted for years and works amazingly well.
Not sure about using a continuous feeder?
Lisa, from Fresh Eggs Daily, suggests using a continuous feeder all winter long to keep our chickens warm saying, “They will eat more in the winter because they burn more calories trying to stay warm and there’s no grass or bugs to eat to supplement their diet.”
Sure, you are spending a bit more in feed doing things this way but our job is to give the best care to our animals and a healthy chicken is worth the money of the additional feed especially if you want eggs all winter long.
You can also sprinkle a little scratch before closing them up for the night. Scratch takes a bit longer to digest and will help to keep them warm while they sleep.
Wall-mounted chicken coop heater.
If you live in a dangerously cold climate such as Northern Canada or Alaska then you may need a little extra help to keep your chickens safe.
This wall-mounted chicken coop heater is not one I have tried myself, but the reviews say it does work and may be something you want to look into further.
These heaters are not meant to heat the entire coop but instead offer a warm spot in the coop for your chickens to enjoy.
Keep chickens warm in the snow
The best way to help your chickens to deal with the cold of the snow is to create a covered walkway of sorts for them. This can be done either by scattering hay or straw onto the ground, by placing logs for them to perch on, or sprinkling sawdust or woodchips.
Begin by shoveling an area in your coop and then lay some straw down for them to walk on. You can also sprinkle some scratch onto the straw to encourage them to come out.
Once they are used to a pathway they will use it more and more. Getting your hens used the winter weather will get them out of the coop and in the fresh air.
How to keep eggs from freezing in the winter.
If you are new to chickens, this might just be a bit surprising to hear. Yes, eggs can and will freeze if it is cold enough outside. And a frozen egg is probably not an edible egg.
To fix this make sure to collect eggs several times throughout the day.
Can I eat a frozen egg?
Sometimes you can and sometimes you can’t. I know, not what you were hoping to hear? No worries…let’s go over things a bit to clear it up.
If the egg is frozen and not cracked then place it in the refrigerator so it will thaw slowly. Once thawed it should be just fine to eat, but inspect it thoroughly for any cracks to be sure.
If the egg is frozen and just cracked (nothing is oozing out) then thaw again in the fridge and use right away. If you notice the membrane is dirty, you may want to be safe and toss it.
If the egg is frozen, cracked and oozing then to be safe I would toss it. If you have pigs you can always give the eggs to them. Yes, pigs LOVE raw eggs!
Finally, can chickens stay outside in the winter?
As long as you have a warm secure and dry coop for them to get away from the elements, then, by all means, they can. Chickens can be very hardy if given the chance to adapt to weather changes gradually.
Allow them to have continuous daily access to the outdoors year-round so they can adapt to any weather changes slowly. This will hardy them up as well and acclimate them so they can withstand the frigid nights of winter.
What tips do you have on how to keep chickens warm in winter without electricity?
Hi there, my name is Tracy and I am a city girl gone country. I am a redneck frugal living goat owner and I am working everyday towards living a more simple life. Now I am teaching others how to do the same. From growing their own food, making their own cleaning supplies, cutting back, and paring down. It’s all about making more of what we need so we spend less, save oodles of money and live better!
I enjoyed your article about chickens.
Thank you, Nancy!
I love your idea about keeping bales in tact. I just removed a broken bale and all the straw in my coop, to keep mice from enjoying a condo. Do you have any suggestions for controlling mice?
I use good old spring-loaded mouse traps that we hide behind the bales. It’s true we get a few mice but not anything that is a risk to our flock.
Great read, thanks so much for sharing your knowledge. It will be my first winter having hens so this is really helpful.
Abby x
A recycled tire works well. The black warms in the sun. Gets them off the cold ground. They all sit around it in a chicken circle. Be sure drill large holes on the bottom side so water does not accumulate and breed bacteria and mosquitoes.
I just love this idea, Heather! Thank you for sharing!
Tracy Lynn
Thank you for this thorough list of tips! I live in Montana, where summers are scorching hot, and winters are brutally cold. This is my first attempt at raising chickens, and although they are for eggs, I want to make sure they are treated humanely. I have read that (proper) ventilation in the winter is one of the most important factors in a coop design, and am working on building one while my chicks are still in their brooder.
You sound like you will be an amazing chicken owner, lucky hens!
my coop has a window of chicken mesh in it, quite large. Do I need to close it off in winter? Ive seen a lot of coops don’t have mesh windows and are in darkness when closed. I don’t want them to freeze.
If you are worried about the dark, you can cover it with plexiglass. It is inexpensive clear plastic that will help to keep your coop a bit warmer.
I hope this helps,
Tracy
Drill small holes along the edges of the plexiglass and attach it to the chicken mesh with zip ties. Leave open at the top for coop ventilation. It’s easy to snip the zip ties off come summer, and store the plexiglass to reinstall next winter.
What a great idea!!!
Thanks Tracy! This article was most helpful. Now I’m not afraid to keep my chickens through the winter. :). I live in Ontario , Canada so it can get a little chilly … especially at night. 😉 julie
Yay, Julie, so glad you found it helpful!
When it gets down into the teens and single digits, I will use Vaseline on their combs and wattles to keep them from getting frostbite, which is very painful. My chickens are not tamed and in order to apply the petroleum jelly, I do it while they are on the roost. I have my husband hold them while I apply the jelly.
I just have a few chickens and a small chicken coop ( I let mine free range ) In the winter I cover my coop with blankets & a tarp. I then add straw to the small run, but in the morning I let them out and they do their own thing. I have Bantam chickens and they have made it through the winter so far. This winter I will have some young chicken ( I have a mama hen on eggs now) is there anything I should do different?
Hello, Jennie!
The main thing to be concerned with is your chicken’s feet and wattles. Those two areas are the least protected. By putting down a patch or two of straw or hay you will give them a place to stand. Chickens do not always think to stay out of frozen water or snow but if you give them a warm dry spot even outside they will stand there instead.
I hope this helps!
Tracy Lynn
That heater you posted is not solar powered.
Would love to find one that is.
Any leads?
No, it is not. I do know there are quite a few options on Amazon. Have you checked there?
Hi very helpful information…. I live in Ontario, Canada, and expecting a brutal winter here. I have the solar powered heater and keep it at the corner of the coop by the waterer. I do have a heated one but still have to replenish constantly but it does last longer
I try to give them food throughout the day just to keep them warm, and busy as they do get bored. Also a suggestion I bought an old xylophone and hang it upright so they can peck at the coloured keys. they seem to like it lol. musical hens.
I just love that idea of the xylophone! So fun and helps with winter boredom.
Thanks for sharing!
Tracy Lynn
This was one of the most thorough and helpful articles. Thank you!
Great article. You really know your chickens and have explained it so well.
THANK YOU!
Thanks for your article. I was worried and annoyed by the Title because as you know nature does provide. I found it to be sensible.
Thank you for posting this article! I am a new chick owner and they are inside with us for now, but I’ve been worried about when winter rolls around again. Heat lamps scare me in a coop. Thanks to you, now I don’t have to worry about how to keep them warm:)
Thanks again!
Welcome to the chicken group, Staci! Having them is definitely not only entertaining but the eggs are so delicious!
Thank you so much! I’ve been wanting to get chickens but I was worried about taking good care of them. This was such a great article. Thank you!
Thanks so much for these great tips! First time chicken owner heading into first winter, trying to read all I can.
Good luck, Alana!
If you have any questions, just let me know
Tracy Lynn
If anyone finds a real solar heater will you please post a picture and where u found it. I have been searching but have not found one.
Yes, I have not used one myself. My chickens really do just fine without any supplemental heat and we get well below zero for a good portion of the winter. Trust your animals to acclimate to the weather. Just be sure they have a draft-free and dry place to roost at night, give them fresh water a few times throughout the day, and plenty of fresh food and they will do surprisingly well.
(but I will post a picture when I find one!)
Tracy Lynn
Count me as another first time chicken owner going into our first winter! We’re in Upstate NY, Finger Lakes region. We get freezing cold temps and our area is VERY windy. Our coop is off the ground and we put insulation in the floor, the walls, the ceiling, and the people doors. We just added some window plastic trim to assist in preventing drafts. Actually, that’s my biggest concern: drafts. We shored up all we can find (although, I think I can see two small possible draft areas). Anyhow, I’m a little obsessive about it (driving husband nuts), but I live by the “ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” philosophy.
I appreciated all you shared in this post. We have a covered run (the sun was brutal this past summer and we needed to create more shade opportunities), but I can envision snow blowing into the run. I like your idea of putting down hay or straw to help.
Thanks again for sharing your wisdom. Stop on by my blog sometime and you can see the coop. Always wanting to learn from feedback!
Best,
Tracy (yup, I’m a Tracy Lynn too) 🙂
haha, love your name!
Yes, drafts are something that can hurt our girls just be sure you do still have ventilation. A vent at the top of the coop seems to work well for us. Just enough to keep the air a little less dusty and free of that strong ammonia smell that can happen.
Stay warm!
Tracy Lynn
Great article. We are up in the Yukon. It is mid-October, last night we had -16c and we already got our first snow yesterday.
Thanks for the intact bale ideas…good call! I am going to do that.
We use 2×4’s as roosts and we have 3 for 25 hens. They love them and it is way better for their feet.
Water freezing is a problem, but we just change it out several times a day even more every couple hours at -45 and below. We moved up here from Ontario Canada and I wish winter was as simple here as it was there! Anyway, We supplement with a fermented mash of the layer ration pellets with some scratch grains and corn mixed in it in the morning and around supper time. I let it ferment for 3 days in a bucket with a towel over it. They love it. We also supplement with table scraps, grass clippings, vegetables that the grocery store is throwing out especially in the winter. Pro-tip: most people have by this time butchered their pigs, turkeys etc….now you can get vegetables from the grocer and supplement your feeding for free. The chickens love the variety or fruits and vegetables. Water melon is a nice treat and apples that have been cored.
We always keep food with corn and scratch in the coop over night and have a constant feeder.
Our birds hate snow and rarely go out side between Oct and May. Our coop is a 12 x 8 foot old shed that I insulated with R20 insulation and bordered up on the inside with OSB sheeting. It is breathable as there is no vapour barrier and no house wrap. Plus keep in mind we live in the sub-arctic (Zone 2 for growing) and it is semi-arid.
We use the layering method and have about 1/2foot of poop and shavings on the floor. Then straw and I keep layering with both all winter to keep the ammonia smell down and this keeps it “warm”.
Our chickens are Red Leghorns that we raised from chicks. I use an LED bar from home hardware that I have on a timer that turns on at 8am and shuts off at 8pm. We live completely off grid. So no electric heat for the chickens or us. The chickens do fine in the winter so far. Big thing is keeping the light schedule as close to normal as possible for us. We generally only get 5 hours of light in the dead of winter and 24 sun in summer. So the light stays on all year round so as to not mess them up. This keeps production up and doesn’t tax our 1.5kw solar system. Egg production slows down a little but not much.
Big thing like country gal said, keep the coop dry, draft free is the key. When we do chicks in the spring they stay in my shop which is heated until they are old enough to be incorporated into the coop.
I love your website and this is a great article.
Hopefully my comment helps someone who is paranoid about keeping chickens in the winter.
All the best!
Thank you for all your tips, Marcus. Yes, we do the same with the water here as well. Change it out 3 times a day. That is what we find works best. Also, another tip is to pick up your birds often. This can really tell you if they are healthy and of good weight.
Tracy Lynn
For “dinner” my chickens have been getting scratch grain with oats and peas, corn, hemp seeds and blueberries. Then applesauce with cayenne pepper mixed in (suggested by another chicken lover) to warm them up!